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'''Momen Ghazouani'''
'''Momen Ghazouani'''
Momen Ghazouani is an Entrepreneur the founder, & CEO of Setaleur He also founded Neuraline, a startup specializing in neurotechnology In 2023, Setaleur nonprofit division separated to become an independent entity under the name Setaleur Unity, a standalone nonprofit organization Momen Ghazouani serves as the Chairman of its Board of DirectorsHe also oversees the Setaleur Aplamda Lab as Chief Scientist, a position he will continue to hold until 2027 before handing it over to one of the senior scientists in the lab
==Early life and education==
Momen Ghazouani was born on 28 July 2006 in Tunisia, in the governorate of Jendouba, into a Muslim family He is the middle child among two siblings. At the age of fifteen, Ghazouani demonstrated an early interest in leadership and organization
During childhood, Ghazouani was identified as being on the high-functioning autism spectrum, a condition sometimes referred to as Asperger syndrome. While this condition can be associated with social challenges, it is also often linked to advanced cognitive abilities and focused, in-depth interests This experience contributed to the development of his structured thinking and early leadership tendencies At the age of sixteen, while still a student Ghazouani left lower secondary school during the eighth grade He held the view that age is not a determining factor in higher learning and subsequently pursued self-directed education, focusing on the study of computer science
==Business Career==
'''Setaleur Academy''' In 2022, Momen Ghazouani founded Setaleur Academy, an educational organization focused on entrepreneurship. The academy provided a structured framework, named Leurnita, designed to assist companies in transitioning from traditional business models to entrepreneurial ventures, emphasizing the use of technology to develop products and services and improve internal processes
'''Setaleur''' In 2023, Ghazouani founded Setaleur, a technology and artificial intelligence startup aimed at helping individuals and organizations enhance efficiency and growth through simplified technology use and human-AI collaboration. Setaleur Academy was incorporated as a subsidiary platform under the new company and was later restructured into a non-profit initiative called Setaleur for Education, intended to provide broader access to business education. The platform attracted followers from several countries, including Russia, France, Canada, the United States, and Tunisia, before its closure was announced due to a decline in user engagement, attributed in part to the rise of artificial intelligence.
'''Setaleur Unity''' By the end of 2023, the non-profit segment was formally separated from the company, becoming an independent organization named Setaleur Unity, with Ghazouani serving as the chairman of its board
'''Leurnita''' On 15 May 2023, Setaleur announced the launch of a new service called Leurnita. The Leurnita service was designed to provide an integrated framework and an innovative entrepreneurial methodology aimed at developing and improving conventional businesses and transforming them into entrepreneurial and innovation-driven ventures. The methodology consisted of a structured set of well-defined steps, with a particular emphasis on comprehensive analysis of a company’s internal environment Because this process required access to sensitive information and internal commercial data, concerns and allegations emerged claiming that Setaleur might use the service to monitor or extract corporate trade secrets Momen Ghazouani publicly denied these allegations, describing them as online defamation that could damage the company’s reputation According to Leurnita’s published privacy policy, the service required user consent for the limited use of certain data for scientific research purposes, and the company stated that clients would be informed in advance of any such activities. Ghazouani further stated that he was considering the establishment of an independent oversight council separate from executive management and not subject to the authority of the chief executive officer, to supervise these processes and ensure the protection of sensitive data
Despite these clarifications, the service encountered strong resistance from companies, which ultimately led to the permanent discontinuation of Leurnita in early 2024
'''Setaleur Aplamda''' In late 2024, Ghazouani undertook an internal restructuring of Setaleur, during which the artificial intelligence division was separated into an independent laboratory as a measure to increase flexibility and focus in the company’s AI efforts. The laboratory was initially named Leurmind, but was renamed Setaleur Aplamda in mid-2025 Setaleur Aplamda operates as an independent artificial intelligence research center owned by Setaleur. The center aims to expand the boundaries of innovation in AI research through the development of a concept referred to as Transformative Thinking Engineering (TTE) This engineering framework emphasizes an unconventional methodology designed to enable systems to transform the process of thinking itself into a constructive instrument capable of generating new concepts, solutions, and entities The laboratory is grounded in a broader approach described as cognitive transformation engineering which focuses on re-framing complex problems synthesizing previously unconnected elements and developing novel solutions across physical logical, and conceptual domains. Ghazouani assumed leadership of the project’s scientific and technical vision after taking on the role of Chief Scientist on an interim basis, a position he is expected to hold through the end of 2027
'''Combating Deepfake Threats'''
'''Nueraline''' In mid-2025, Momen Ghazouani founded Nueraline a neurotechnology startup focused on biometric authentication using the brain’s electrical patterns as a unique and secure means of establishing universal digital identity. The company is developing the first personal security device designed to be worn on the head, enabling users to unlock sensitive applications and accounts through brain signals rather than traditional passwords, effectively unifying digital identity Ghazouani publicly expressed concerns regarding Sam Altman’s Worldcoin project, which uses iris scans for identity verification He warned that such practices could create digital replicas of human identities, opening the door to large-scale fraud and coercion while providing little assurance of privacy or individual data sovereignty
Currently, Nueraline is in an early research phase and is developing a project called The Deep Line, focused on brain-based biometric authentication. The project is based on the scientifically supported hypothesis that each human brain possesses a unique neurophysiological “fingerprint,” generated by specific brain responses measurable via electroencephalography (EEG). Research in cognitive neuroscience indicates that the brain’s responses to visual or auditory stimuli exhibit stable, internally repeating patterns that can serve as personal electrophysiological signatures. These signatures are hypothesized to remain stable over time and resistant to manipulation, making The Deep Line a promising candidate for secure biometric authentication and the preservation of global digital identity Through this work, Ghazouani aims to provide an alternative to conventional biometric systems that rely on highly sensitive data such as iris or facial scans. He envisions integrating neurotechnology into digital security to offer a transformative approach to safeguarding sensitive accounts and applications, while upholding privacy and individual digital sovereignty
'''The Ilantic Journal''' In 2025, Momen Ghazouani called on scientific fields and research-publishing platforms to review some of their roles and strengthen efforts to connect researchers with decision-makers to accelerate innovation He noted the bureaucratic challenges in certain scientific domains, observing that conducting complex research had become easier than publishing it In response, he founded The Ilantic Journal, a scientific journal specializing in advanced information and supporting collaborations across science, technology, and other high-impact sectors The journal publishes research that is empirically validated or theoretically promising and encourages approaches that address existing challenges Its mission emphasizes collaboration and partnerships that facilitate the practical application of research by connecting researchers with influential entities and potential partners


Momen Ghazouani is an Entrepreneur the founder, & CEO of Setaleur He also founded Neuraline, a startup specializing in neurotechnology In 2023, Setaleur nonprofit division separated to become an independent entity under the name Setaleur Unity, a standalone nonprofit organization Momen Ghazouani serves as the Chairman of its Board of DirectorsHe also oversees the Setaleur Aplamda Lab as Chief Scientist, a position he will continue to hold until 2027 before handing it over to one of the senior scientists in the lab
As Editor-in-Chief, Momen Ghazouani leads the journal in its efforts to foster collaborations across scientific and technological sectors
 
'''Neura Ailan''' In late 2025, Ghazouani articulated an ambitious vision through the founding of Neura Ailan a biotechnology startup focused on mitigating the destructive impact of wildfires The company’s mission is to protect ecosystems by applying advanced genetic engineering to develop fire-resistant trees with significantly reduced flammability, while fully preserving their natural functions and ecological role Although the project faces substantial scientific regulatory and economic challenges, it reflects Ghazouani’s risk-oriented approach and long-term vision for future-oriented infrastructure Neura Ailan operates as a for-profit company, with a business model centered on government contracts and the large-scale deployment of fire-resistant trees. The company announced an initial valuation target of USD 20 million, alongside a planned seed funding round of USD 3 million According to a report published by The Eine Financial, a platform affiliated with The Eine Economist, Neura Eilan’s projected revenue trajectory is based on a long-term, accelerated growth strategy. Rather than prioritizing immediate product sales, the company emphasizes the creation of sustainable environmental infrastructure and large-scale validation of its technology Its revenue model combines genetically engineered fire-resistant forestry, integrated wildfire mitigation services and climate-aligned financial instruments
 
Revenue streams include national-level natural resource management service contracts with several large or mid-sized countries, carbon credit monetization through biomass preservation and emissions reduction, and predictive analytics and monitoring services delivered via AI-powered platforms Despite its projected potential, the project is expected to encounter significant regulatory challenges related to genetic modification, as well as economic constraints The Eine Financial noted that investors may be hesitant to allocate capital to biotechnology-based environmental infrastructure in comparison with artificial intelligence infrastructure, potentially limiting available funding for long-term scientific research and development
 
==Special Initiatives & Projects==
 
'''The Growth Pledge''' is a global initiative founded by entrepreneur Momen Ghazouani that encourages companies to commit to shared growth and ethical cooperation by supporting competitors in non-harmful ways that do not disclose sensitive information. The initiative promotes mutual support in areas such as cybersecurity operational resilience and emergency financing allowing the sharing of resources or expertise without compromising competitive advantages Participation is voluntary and non-binding with each company submitting a public statement explaining its motivation for joining In October 2025, several companies were removed from the participant list following publicly disclosed court documents indicating exploitation and infiltration attempts, based on external credible information Ghazouani has also explored the possibility of channeling contributions through independent funds to enhance financial transparency and limit donor influence The pledge draws inspiration from crisis-time cooperation among competitors and from philanthropic models such as the Giving Pledge and the Jewish Future Pledge. While gaining visibility, it has faced criticism for its lack of enforcement mechanisms, with observers noting that some companies may participate primarily for reputational benefits an issue consistent with SME branding literature highlighting appearance-driven visibility over structural commitment
 
'''Setaleur Intellectual Alliance''' Ghazouani launched in 2024 the Setaleur Intellectual Alliance, an open global initiative aimed at producing one million papers titled ‘’’The Line Paper'’’ This format represents an innovative form of intellectual publication that combines the accessible style of informal essays with the methodological rigor of academic research. The initiative seeks to promote critical and reflective learning in an accessible manner, targeting readers interested in in-depth knowledge without reliance on lengthy media formats or fast-paced entertainment According to the technology platform Ineur Tech, the initiative constitutes a substantive contribution to addressing an existing knowledge gap between complex academic production and superficial digital content The same source reports that Ghazouani is directly involved in the authorship of these papers
 
In an article published on his personal blog, Ghazouani stated that the Setaleur Intellectual Alliance reflects part of the broader mission of Setaleur, namely supporting growth through open and simplified knowledge. He further clarified that the naming of the alliance was not intended to promote or market the commercial brand, but rather to represent the shared intellectual identity of the project. This clarification was provided in response to misconceptions by some contributors who assumed that the alliance implied direct corporate affiliation, a claim Ghazouani explicitly denied
 
==Philanthropy==
 
'''Setaleur Unity''' In late 2023, the non-profit division of Setaleur was separated from the company and restructured as an independent entity under the name Setaleur Unity. It operates as a standalone non-profit organization, with Momen Ghazouani serving as chairman of the board. The organization focuses on public-interest initiatives funded through donations In early 2024, Setaleur Unity introduced a project titled The Last Minute, an initiative intended to improve the quality of life of patients who remain hospitalized and are believed to have only a few days left to live. The project aimed to fulfill patients’ final wishes and provide comfort during their remaining time. Ghazouani later announced that the project had been postponed due to logistical challenges without specifying a timeline for its resumption
 
'''Setaleur Global Goals''' Ghazouani is a speaker at the Setaleur Global Impact Forum (SGIF), scheduled to be held on 20 September 2025. The forum presents Setaleur’s vision and contributions toward advancing the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
 
'''The 1 Line Foundation''' Ghazouani also founded The 1 Line Foundation, a non-profit organization that administers a set of annual awards recognizing achievements in environmental, cultural, and scientific fields that contribute to the benefit of humanity. These awards are presented under the name The 1 Line Prize and are intended to honor individuals at the forefront of change, including peace advocates, human rights leaders, and contributors to ethical causes. The foundation’s name reflects the idea that a single idea, statement, stance, or line can alter the course of an individual life or an entire community. Ghazouani serves as chairman of its board of trustees.
 
'''Charitable sports initiatives''' In May 2025, Setaleur Unity, a charitable organization affiliated with Momen Ghazouani launched an initiative titled Unity Step Alliance The initiative aimed to organize charitable sports events to raise funds for children’s hospitals As part of the campaign, Ghazouani announced a personal athletic challenge to run 3,000 kilometers over an eight-month period with the goal of raising USD 100,000 in donations Ghazouani participated as the first volunteer completing 317 kilometers over 27 days. Approximately one month after the launch, the initiative was temporarily suspended due to organizational and health-related issues. Ghazouani experienced an ear infection attributed to prolonged use of headphones during long-distance running sessions, which often lasted between 2.5 and 3 hours, leading him to pause the campaign on medical grounds
 
==Religious views==
 
In an article titled Why We Are Biased Toward Religions, published in The ilantic Journal Ghazouani discussed his views on faith and religion. He stated that there is no need to favor one religion over another, arguing that religious diversity reflects the broader community of belief, which is rooted in freedom of choice rather than coercion. He emphasized that individuals should not be pressured or compelled to adopt any religion, and expressed the view that moral systems across religions share a common aim peace provided that sacred texts are not manipulated
 
In the same Article Ghazouani commented on the relationship between science and faith. He noted his concern that some scientists, when presenting scientific explanations for natural phenomena tend to dismiss religious or spiritual perspectives entirely He argued that science itself is based on universal laws, and questioned the assumption that the existence of scientific explanations necessarily negates belief in a divine origin Reflecting on the complexity and beauty of the universe he stated that while much remains unexplained scientifically he believes future discoveries will deepen human understanding Ghazouani further remarked that attributing the origin of the universe solely to randomness appears in his view, philosophically unconvincing He described belief in God as a rational position, while also emphasizing that life decisions should be guided by reason and personal principles which for many individuals include religious beliefs
 
==Politics==
 
Momen Ghazouani is often described as an uncommon case among business leaders, who typically avoid direct engagement in political discourse. While he has not aligned himself formally with any political party, his political contributions and commentary have become more pronounced over time
 
Ghazouani published an analytical paper titled The Illusion of Power: Why the Cancer Diagnoses of Adams and Trump Reveal a Deeper Disease in the U.S. Healthcare System, in which he criticized the American healthcare system through an examination of a high-profile case involving cartoonist Scott Adams and the difficulties he faced in accessing a cancer treatment approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The situation ultimately prompted intervention by former U.S. president Donald Trump. Ghazouani argued that the case illustrates a “two-tier” healthcare system, where access to medical care is influenced by media visibility and political power rather than medical necessity. His analysis extended beyond healthcare to broader economic shifts, particularly the role of artificial intelligence in creating what he described as a “compressed economy” operating at algorithmic speed, while governance and regulatory systems remain constrained by slower institutional processes. He also criticized practices within the pharmaceutical industry, including international drug price disparities, patent protections, and lobbying efforts that sustain market dominance despite technological advances that could democratize drug development
 
Among his other political writings is an article titled How Israel Deceived America Through Religious Texts: An In-Depth Analysis of the Decline of Christian Zionism which addressed the intersection of religion politics and foreign policy In contrast to several wealthy individuals who publicly opposed New York City mayor Zohran Mamdani’s proposal to increase taxes on high-income earners, Ghazouani expressed political support in 2025 for Mamdani and for progressive taxation, under the condition that the additional tax revenues be directed to an independent, government-managed fund dedicated to addressing sensitive public issues. He elaborated on this position in an article titled The Economy of Illusion: How Taxation Becomes an Illusory Solution to State Problems, in which he argued that tax increases should be strategically allocated to structural reforms. He proposed allocating approximately 1% of profits toward solutions that could be developed as sustainable commercial models when feasible. Although Ghazouani has described himself as sympathetic to both Republican and democratic liberal traditions, he has emphasized pragmatic policy outcomes over partisan alignment
 
'''Capitalism''' Ghazouani publicly clarified his position on capitalism following debate sparked by an article published on the “Setaleur News Initiative,” a media platform affiliated with the company he leads. The article, written independently by the company’s journalism department without direct instruction or oversight from Ghazouani, offered a critical examination of contemporary capitalist culture, particularly the idealized portrayal of modern business leaders. Some readers interpreted the piece as evidence that Ghazouani held anti-capitalist views or opposed financial success, prompting him to clarify his stance In subsequent statements, Ghazouani stressed that the article constituted an analytical critique of prevailing cultural narratives rather than a rejection of capitalism itself. He stated that capitalism is not inherently flawed and that the pursuit of wealth can be legitimate and, in some cases, necessary to build influence and realize large-scale projects. However, he argued that problems arise when business figures are portrayed as flawless or ‘’’sanctified”’ symbols obscuring the structural advantages that often contribute to their success Ghazouani noted that many prominent business leaders benefit from less visible advantages such as social networks, educational credentials family support or geographic circumstances which makes replicating their success under identical conditions difficult. According to him, uncritical glorification of such figures can foster what he described as a distorted ambition A recurring theme in Ghazouani’s public commentary is the challenge of balancing popularity with genuine social value. He has argued that in an environment shaped by platform algorithms and viral content, it is relatively easy to offer what attracts attention, but far more difficult to deliver initiatives that produce meaningful societal benefit especially when attempting to combine both objectives within a single mission. He summarized this perspective in a widely cited remark
 
“It is easy to become wealthy by offering what pleases people. It is far more difficult to combine what pleases people with what truly benefits them”
 
==Research & Publications==
 
'''Momen Ghazouani has authored and contributed to a diverse range of works across multiple fields'''
 
'''Books''' His book The Fear of Collapse provides a critical analysis of the relationship between individual psychological drives and contemporary social and economic systems In it, Ghazouani introduces concepts such as the ‘’’escape economy’’’ to critique consumer culture and productivity pressures and explores the effects of conditional achievement on mental health and identity. The book draws on insights from philosophy psychology and social criticism Although it was originally scheduled for release in October 2025, its publication was postponed to allow for the inclusion of deeper analyses, as Ghazouani noted in a post on the platform X
 
'''Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence''' Despite holding a temporary position as Chief Scientist at the Setaleur Aplamda Lab until the end of 2027, Ghazouani is recognized as an independent researcher in computer science and a contributor to distributed machine learning systems. He authored a white paper titled Silent Gradient Protocol: A Communication Framework Incorporating Silence for Efficient Training of Distributed Neural Networks. The paper addresses communication bottlenecks in large-scale neural network training, proposing a protocol in which deliberate silence is treated as a valid synchronization signal, significantly reducing bandwidth and energy consumption while maintaining convergence guarantees.
 
'''Cybersecurity''' Ghazouani published a research paper entitled Compositional Security Mediator: Addressing Emerging Threats in AI-Integrated Cybersecurity Systems. The paper presents a conceptual framework for mitigating limitations in traditional cybersecurity models, particularly within AI-dependent ecosystems. It introduces the concept of “compositional threats,” arising from unanticipated interactions between seemingly secure components, and proposes defensive mechanisms, including adaptive hacking loops and false-trust propagation, through a mediating layer between language models and execution environments
 
'''Environment and Climate Change''' As an environmental activist, Ghazouani released a report in late 2024 titled Beyond Textiles: Addressing the Hidden Environmental Footprint of Clothing Labels in the Circular Economy. The report examines the environmental impact of using cardboard as a sustainable packaging alternative, focusing on clothing tags. It critically assesses the sustainability of cardboard, identifies policy gaps within the European Union, and proposes alternative materials derived from recycled wood and plant-based polymers The study emphasizes the cumulative environmental burden of small, short-lived product labels and advocates for a more comprehensive approach to sustainable product labeling within circular economy frameworks
 
This selection highlights only a portion of Ghazouani’s extensive body of work reflecting his active engagement across intellectual technological social, and environmental domains His ongoing contributions continue to span multiple disciplines, demonstrating a commitment to research, analysis, and practical solutions across a wide array of contemporary issues


'''Personal life'''
==Media projects==


In 2022, Momen Ghazouani founded Setaleur Academy, an educational company specializing in entrepreneurship. The academy provided an integrated framework designed to help businesses transition from traditional commercial enterprises into entrepreneurial ventures through a carefully structured set of steps. These steps aimed to maximize the use of technology in developing products and services while improving internal operations In 2023, Ghazouani founded Setaleur, a technology and artificial intelligence startup, and integrated Setaleur Academy as a subsidiary platform within the new company. Within weeks, the platform was restructured into a non-profit initiative under the name Setaleur for Education, aiming to ensure that everyone could understand the complexities of the business world and gain equal learning opportunities By the end of 2023, the non-profit division of Setaleur was officially separated and became an independent organization under the name Setaleur Unity, a standalone non-profit entity where Momen Ghazouani serves as Chairman of the Board In early 2025, Setaleur launched an artificial intelligence research center called Leurmind, dedicated to developing the concept of TTE (Transformational Thinking Engineering)  a comprehensive engineering framework for designing systems capable of transforming thinking itself into a constructive and creative process. This framework, known as Transformational Thinking Engineering, is based on the methodology of Cognitive Transformation Engineering, enabling systems to reframe problems, synthesize unrelated elements, and generate innovative cross-domain solutions in physical, logical, and conceptual dimensions.
Momen Ghazouani is active in the cultural and media sphere and has contributed to a number of initiatives aimed at enriching public discourse and promoting knowledge These projects form part of a broader media vision focused on re-examining key domains such as technology, culture, politics, and thought leadership Among these initiatives is The ‘’’Fear of Influence Podcast’’’ an intellectual program that explores the dynamics of fear the influence of leadership, and the transformation of ideas into tangible impact Founded by Ghazouani in early 2025, the podcast reflects his vision of empowering individuals, encouraging them to overcome fear and to build meaningful influence in their personal and social contexts The podcast is derived from Ghazouani’s written intellectual essays, which are adapted into audio format using tools such as NotebookLM. Episodes typically range from 30 to 40 minutes and are characterized by original, concept-driven introductions that align with the podcast’s intellectual orientation By late 2025, The Fear of Impact had reached an international audience, with listeners and contributors from countries including Russia, the United States, Tunisia, and France


'''Ghazouani led the scientific and technical vision of the project after assuming the position of Chief Scientist at the Leurmind Research Center'''
==Public image==


In mid-2025, Ghazouani founded Nueraline, a neurotechnology startup operating in the field of biometric authentication using the brain’s electrical patterns as a unique and secure means of establishing a universal digital identity. The company is developing the first personal security device designed to be worn on the head, enabling users to unlock sensitive applications and accounts through brain signals instead of traditional passwords — effectively unifying digital identity Ghazouani publicly voiced concerns regarding Sam Altman’s Worldcoin project, which scans human irises for identity verification, arguing that such practices could open the door to dangerous digital replicas of human identity and unprecedented exploitation through fraud and coercion Currently, Nueraline is in the early research phase and is developing a project called The Deep Line, focused on biometric authentication through the brain’s electrical activity. The project is based on the scientifically supported hypothesis that each human brain has a unique neurophysiological fingerprint, generated by specific brain responses measurable through Electroencephalography (EEG) Research in cognitive neuroscience indicates that the brain’s response to visual or auditory stimuli shows a relatively stable internal repetition, which can be considered a personal electrophysiological signature. The hypothesis further asserts that these signatures remain stable over time and resistant to manipulation, positioning The Deep Line as a promising candidate for secure biometric authentication and the preservation of global digital identity.
Although Momen Ghazouani ventures operate primarily within specialized technological, scientific, and intellectual domains, he has gradually attracted public attention through his interdisciplinary initiatives and written commentary rather than through mass media visibility. His public profile is largely shaped by a combination of entrepreneurship, research-oriented leadership and ideological critique, positioning him outside conventional models of corporate executives who tend to limit public-facing discourse Ghazouani has been described by observers as an unconventional figure whose approach blends analytical rigor with philosophical framing, particularly in his discussions on technology, capitalism, and governance. Supporters characterize this style as intellectually ambitious and future-oriented, while critics argue that it can appear abstract or ahead of practical implementation. His willingness to engage publicly with sensitive topics such as biometric identity neurotechnology, religion, and political economy has contributed to a mixed reception among different audiences His public writings and projects have occasionally generated debate, especially where emerging technologies intersect with ethical, regulatory, or societal concerns. While Ghazouani has emphasized transparency, personal responsibility, and long-term societal value, some commentators have questioned whether his frameworks prioritize conceptual vision over immediate institutional feasibility Unlike many business leaders who avoid explicit ideological positioning Ghazouani has maintained a visible presence through essays, research publications, and media projects that articulate his views directly. This openness has contributed to a public image that is often described as intellectually independent and resistant to simple categorization, drawing both interest and skepticism depending on the audience’s expectations of leadership, innovation, and influence


== Special Initiatives & Projects==
==Criticism And controversy==


Ghazouani founded [[The Growth Pledge]] a global campaign established by entrepreneur Momen Ghazouani to encourage companies to commit to and reinforce a culture of shared growth and ethical cooperation in markets by supporting competitors in ways that do not harm commercial interests or reveal sensitive secrets.
This '''Criticism''' or '''Controversy''' section may affect the neutrality of the article. Editors are encouraged to integrate negative information into other sections or to remove undue emphasis on minor aspects through discussion on the talk page. (December 2025)


The initiative emerged from Ghazouani vision of how competition can serve as a means to build more balanced and sustainable economic systems, rather than a tool for exclusion or dominance. Its stated goal is to inspire companies worldwide to provide mutual support especially in areas such as cybersecurity, operational resilience, and emergency financing, through sharing resources, expertise, or technical solutions without compromising trade secrets or core competitive advantages
Some of Momen Ghazouani’s initiatives particularly those combining technological ambition with broader intellectual vision have drawn criticism regarding feasibility and institutional governance Observers have noted that the large number of projects launched within a relatively short period raises questions about long-term operational sustainability, especially for initiatives that remain in early research or conceptual stages The Leurnita project, launched by Setaleur in 2023 generated limited controversy after some companies expressed concerns about potential access to sensitive internal data during the institutional analysis process. Although Ghazouani denied these claims and stated that data use was subject to user consent and restricted to research purposes the controversy contributed to reduced adoption of the service, which was ultimately discontinued in early 2024


The pledge is a public signal of intent to contribute, not a legally binding contract On the Growth Pledge website, each company writes a statement explaining why they chose to provide support [https://medium.com/@momen.ghazouani/the-growth-pledge-de653c38d56a]
With regard to his projects in emerging fields such as neurotechnology and environmentally oriented genetic engineering, analysts have pointed out that these areas face complex regulatory and ethical challenges, and that their success depends heavily on legal frameworks and long-term funding that have yet to be clearly established. This approach has been interpreted as evidence of Ghazouani’s inclination toward strategic risk-taking viewed by supporters as an innovative trait, while critics regard it as a source of uncertainty On an intellectual level, Ghazouani’s political and economic writings have prompted debate among readers. Some have argued that his analyses combine structural critique with reformist ambition without always offering clearly defined implementation pathways, while others have defended this approach as an effort to foster public debate beyond conventional ideological polarization

Revision as of 13:34, 17 December 2025


Momen Ghazouani Momen Ghazouani is an Entrepreneur the founder, & CEO of Setaleur He also founded Neuraline, a startup specializing in neurotechnology In 2023, Setaleur nonprofit division separated to become an independent entity under the name Setaleur Unity, a standalone nonprofit organization Momen Ghazouani serves as the Chairman of its Board of DirectorsHe also oversees the Setaleur Aplamda Lab as Chief Scientist, a position he will continue to hold until 2027 before handing it over to one of the senior scientists in the lab

Early life and education

Momen Ghazouani was born on 28 July 2006 in Tunisia, in the governorate of Jendouba, into a Muslim family He is the middle child among two siblings. At the age of fifteen, Ghazouani demonstrated an early interest in leadership and organization

During childhood, Ghazouani was identified as being on the high-functioning autism spectrum, a condition sometimes referred to as Asperger syndrome. While this condition can be associated with social challenges, it is also often linked to advanced cognitive abilities and focused, in-depth interests This experience contributed to the development of his structured thinking and early leadership tendencies At the age of sixteen, while still a student Ghazouani left lower secondary school during the eighth grade He held the view that age is not a determining factor in higher learning and subsequently pursued self-directed education, focusing on the study of computer science

Business Career

Setaleur Academy In 2022, Momen Ghazouani founded Setaleur Academy, an educational organization focused on entrepreneurship. The academy provided a structured framework, named Leurnita, designed to assist companies in transitioning from traditional business models to entrepreneurial ventures, emphasizing the use of technology to develop products and services and improve internal processes

Setaleur In 2023, Ghazouani founded Setaleur, a technology and artificial intelligence startup aimed at helping individuals and organizations enhance efficiency and growth through simplified technology use and human-AI collaboration. Setaleur Academy was incorporated as a subsidiary platform under the new company and was later restructured into a non-profit initiative called Setaleur for Education, intended to provide broader access to business education. The platform attracted followers from several countries, including Russia, France, Canada, the United States, and Tunisia, before its closure was announced due to a decline in user engagement, attributed in part to the rise of artificial intelligence.

Setaleur Unity By the end of 2023, the non-profit segment was formally separated from the company, becoming an independent organization named Setaleur Unity, with Ghazouani serving as the chairman of its board

Leurnita On 15 May 2023, Setaleur announced the launch of a new service called Leurnita. The Leurnita service was designed to provide an integrated framework and an innovative entrepreneurial methodology aimed at developing and improving conventional businesses and transforming them into entrepreneurial and innovation-driven ventures. The methodology consisted of a structured set of well-defined steps, with a particular emphasis on comprehensive analysis of a company’s internal environment Because this process required access to sensitive information and internal commercial data, concerns and allegations emerged claiming that Setaleur might use the service to monitor or extract corporate trade secrets Momen Ghazouani publicly denied these allegations, describing them as online defamation that could damage the company’s reputation According to Leurnita’s published privacy policy, the service required user consent for the limited use of certain data for scientific research purposes, and the company stated that clients would be informed in advance of any such activities. Ghazouani further stated that he was considering the establishment of an independent oversight council separate from executive management and not subject to the authority of the chief executive officer, to supervise these processes and ensure the protection of sensitive data

Despite these clarifications, the service encountered strong resistance from companies, which ultimately led to the permanent discontinuation of Leurnita in early 2024

Setaleur Aplamda In late 2024, Ghazouani undertook an internal restructuring of Setaleur, during which the artificial intelligence division was separated into an independent laboratory as a measure to increase flexibility and focus in the company’s AI efforts. The laboratory was initially named Leurmind, but was renamed Setaleur Aplamda in mid-2025 Setaleur Aplamda operates as an independent artificial intelligence research center owned by Setaleur. The center aims to expand the boundaries of innovation in AI research through the development of a concept referred to as Transformative Thinking Engineering (TTE) This engineering framework emphasizes an unconventional methodology designed to enable systems to transform the process of thinking itself into a constructive instrument capable of generating new concepts, solutions, and entities The laboratory is grounded in a broader approach described as cognitive transformation engineering which focuses on re-framing complex problems synthesizing previously unconnected elements and developing novel solutions across physical logical, and conceptual domains. Ghazouani assumed leadership of the project’s scientific and technical vision after taking on the role of Chief Scientist on an interim basis, a position he is expected to hold through the end of 2027

Combating Deepfake Threats

Nueraline In mid-2025, Momen Ghazouani founded Nueraline a neurotechnology startup focused on biometric authentication using the brain’s electrical patterns as a unique and secure means of establishing universal digital identity. The company is developing the first personal security device designed to be worn on the head, enabling users to unlock sensitive applications and accounts through brain signals rather than traditional passwords, effectively unifying digital identity Ghazouani publicly expressed concerns regarding Sam Altman’s Worldcoin project, which uses iris scans for identity verification He warned that such practices could create digital replicas of human identities, opening the door to large-scale fraud and coercion while providing little assurance of privacy or individual data sovereignty

Currently, Nueraline is in an early research phase and is developing a project called The Deep Line, focused on brain-based biometric authentication. The project is based on the scientifically supported hypothesis that each human brain possesses a unique neurophysiological “fingerprint,” generated by specific brain responses measurable via electroencephalography (EEG). Research in cognitive neuroscience indicates that the brain’s responses to visual or auditory stimuli exhibit stable, internally repeating patterns that can serve as personal electrophysiological signatures. These signatures are hypothesized to remain stable over time and resistant to manipulation, making The Deep Line a promising candidate for secure biometric authentication and the preservation of global digital identity Through this work, Ghazouani aims to provide an alternative to conventional biometric systems that rely on highly sensitive data such as iris or facial scans. He envisions integrating neurotechnology into digital security to offer a transformative approach to safeguarding sensitive accounts and applications, while upholding privacy and individual digital sovereignty

The Ilantic Journal In 2025, Momen Ghazouani called on scientific fields and research-publishing platforms to review some of their roles and strengthen efforts to connect researchers with decision-makers to accelerate innovation He noted the bureaucratic challenges in certain scientific domains, observing that conducting complex research had become easier than publishing it In response, he founded The Ilantic Journal, a scientific journal specializing in advanced information and supporting collaborations across science, technology, and other high-impact sectors The journal publishes research that is empirically validated or theoretically promising and encourages approaches that address existing challenges Its mission emphasizes collaboration and partnerships that facilitate the practical application of research by connecting researchers with influential entities and potential partners

As Editor-in-Chief, Momen Ghazouani leads the journal in its efforts to foster collaborations across scientific and technological sectors

Neura Ailan In late 2025, Ghazouani articulated an ambitious vision through the founding of Neura Ailan a biotechnology startup focused on mitigating the destructive impact of wildfires The company’s mission is to protect ecosystems by applying advanced genetic engineering to develop fire-resistant trees with significantly reduced flammability, while fully preserving their natural functions and ecological role Although the project faces substantial scientific regulatory and economic challenges, it reflects Ghazouani’s risk-oriented approach and long-term vision for future-oriented infrastructure Neura Ailan operates as a for-profit company, with a business model centered on government contracts and the large-scale deployment of fire-resistant trees. The company announced an initial valuation target of USD 20 million, alongside a planned seed funding round of USD 3 million According to a report published by The Eine Financial, a platform affiliated with The Eine Economist, Neura Eilan’s projected revenue trajectory is based on a long-term, accelerated growth strategy. Rather than prioritizing immediate product sales, the company emphasizes the creation of sustainable environmental infrastructure and large-scale validation of its technology Its revenue model combines genetically engineered fire-resistant forestry, integrated wildfire mitigation services and climate-aligned financial instruments

Revenue streams include national-level natural resource management service contracts with several large or mid-sized countries, carbon credit monetization through biomass preservation and emissions reduction, and predictive analytics and monitoring services delivered via AI-powered platforms Despite its projected potential, the project is expected to encounter significant regulatory challenges related to genetic modification, as well as economic constraints The Eine Financial noted that investors may be hesitant to allocate capital to biotechnology-based environmental infrastructure in comparison with artificial intelligence infrastructure, potentially limiting available funding for long-term scientific research and development

Special Initiatives & Projects

The Growth Pledge is a global initiative founded by entrepreneur Momen Ghazouani that encourages companies to commit to shared growth and ethical cooperation by supporting competitors in non-harmful ways that do not disclose sensitive information. The initiative promotes mutual support in areas such as cybersecurity operational resilience and emergency financing allowing the sharing of resources or expertise without compromising competitive advantages Participation is voluntary and non-binding with each company submitting a public statement explaining its motivation for joining In October 2025, several companies were removed from the participant list following publicly disclosed court documents indicating exploitation and infiltration attempts, based on external credible information Ghazouani has also explored the possibility of channeling contributions through independent funds to enhance financial transparency and limit donor influence The pledge draws inspiration from crisis-time cooperation among competitors and from philanthropic models such as the Giving Pledge and the Jewish Future Pledge. While gaining visibility, it has faced criticism for its lack of enforcement mechanisms, with observers noting that some companies may participate primarily for reputational benefits an issue consistent with SME branding literature highlighting appearance-driven visibility over structural commitment

Setaleur Intellectual Alliance Ghazouani launched in 2024 the Setaleur Intellectual Alliance, an open global initiative aimed at producing one million papers titled ‘’’The Line Paper'’’ This format represents an innovative form of intellectual publication that combines the accessible style of informal essays with the methodological rigor of academic research. The initiative seeks to promote critical and reflective learning in an accessible manner, targeting readers interested in in-depth knowledge without reliance on lengthy media formats or fast-paced entertainment According to the technology platform Ineur Tech, the initiative constitutes a substantive contribution to addressing an existing knowledge gap between complex academic production and superficial digital content The same source reports that Ghazouani is directly involved in the authorship of these papers

In an article published on his personal blog, Ghazouani stated that the Setaleur Intellectual Alliance reflects part of the broader mission of Setaleur, namely supporting growth through open and simplified knowledge. He further clarified that the naming of the alliance was not intended to promote or market the commercial brand, but rather to represent the shared intellectual identity of the project. This clarification was provided in response to misconceptions by some contributors who assumed that the alliance implied direct corporate affiliation, a claim Ghazouani explicitly denied

Philanthropy

Setaleur Unity In late 2023, the non-profit division of Setaleur was separated from the company and restructured as an independent entity under the name Setaleur Unity. It operates as a standalone non-profit organization, with Momen Ghazouani serving as chairman of the board. The organization focuses on public-interest initiatives funded through donations In early 2024, Setaleur Unity introduced a project titled The Last Minute, an initiative intended to improve the quality of life of patients who remain hospitalized and are believed to have only a few days left to live. The project aimed to fulfill patients’ final wishes and provide comfort during their remaining time. Ghazouani later announced that the project had been postponed due to logistical challenges without specifying a timeline for its resumption

Setaleur Global Goals Ghazouani is a speaker at the Setaleur Global Impact Forum (SGIF), scheduled to be held on 20 September 2025. The forum presents Setaleur’s vision and contributions toward advancing the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

The 1 Line Foundation Ghazouani also founded The 1 Line Foundation, a non-profit organization that administers a set of annual awards recognizing achievements in environmental, cultural, and scientific fields that contribute to the benefit of humanity. These awards are presented under the name The 1 Line Prize and are intended to honor individuals at the forefront of change, including peace advocates, human rights leaders, and contributors to ethical causes. The foundation’s name reflects the idea that a single idea, statement, stance, or line can alter the course of an individual life or an entire community. Ghazouani serves as chairman of its board of trustees.

Charitable sports initiatives In May 2025, Setaleur Unity, a charitable organization affiliated with Momen Ghazouani launched an initiative titled Unity Step Alliance The initiative aimed to organize charitable sports events to raise funds for children’s hospitals As part of the campaign, Ghazouani announced a personal athletic challenge to run 3,000 kilometers over an eight-month period with the goal of raising USD 100,000 in donations Ghazouani participated as the first volunteer completing 317 kilometers over 27 days. Approximately one month after the launch, the initiative was temporarily suspended due to organizational and health-related issues. Ghazouani experienced an ear infection attributed to prolonged use of headphones during long-distance running sessions, which often lasted between 2.5 and 3 hours, leading him to pause the campaign on medical grounds

Religious views

In an article titled Why We Are Biased Toward Religions, published in The ilantic Journal Ghazouani discussed his views on faith and religion. He stated that there is no need to favor one religion over another, arguing that religious diversity reflects the broader community of belief, which is rooted in freedom of choice rather than coercion. He emphasized that individuals should not be pressured or compelled to adopt any religion, and expressed the view that moral systems across religions share a common aim peace provided that sacred texts are not manipulated

In the same Article Ghazouani commented on the relationship between science and faith. He noted his concern that some scientists, when presenting scientific explanations for natural phenomena tend to dismiss religious or spiritual perspectives entirely He argued that science itself is based on universal laws, and questioned the assumption that the existence of scientific explanations necessarily negates belief in a divine origin Reflecting on the complexity and beauty of the universe he stated that while much remains unexplained scientifically he believes future discoveries will deepen human understanding Ghazouani further remarked that attributing the origin of the universe solely to randomness appears in his view, philosophically unconvincing He described belief in God as a rational position, while also emphasizing that life decisions should be guided by reason and personal principles which for many individuals include religious beliefs

Politics

Momen Ghazouani is often described as an uncommon case among business leaders, who typically avoid direct engagement in political discourse. While he has not aligned himself formally with any political party, his political contributions and commentary have become more pronounced over time

Ghazouani published an analytical paper titled The Illusion of Power: Why the Cancer Diagnoses of Adams and Trump Reveal a Deeper Disease in the U.S. Healthcare System, in which he criticized the American healthcare system through an examination of a high-profile case involving cartoonist Scott Adams and the difficulties he faced in accessing a cancer treatment approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The situation ultimately prompted intervention by former U.S. president Donald Trump. Ghazouani argued that the case illustrates a “two-tier” healthcare system, where access to medical care is influenced by media visibility and political power rather than medical necessity. His analysis extended beyond healthcare to broader economic shifts, particularly the role of artificial intelligence in creating what he described as a “compressed economy” operating at algorithmic speed, while governance and regulatory systems remain constrained by slower institutional processes. He also criticized practices within the pharmaceutical industry, including international drug price disparities, patent protections, and lobbying efforts that sustain market dominance despite technological advances that could democratize drug development

Among his other political writings is an article titled How Israel Deceived America Through Religious Texts: An In-Depth Analysis of the Decline of Christian Zionism which addressed the intersection of religion politics and foreign policy In contrast to several wealthy individuals who publicly opposed New York City mayor Zohran Mamdani’s proposal to increase taxes on high-income earners, Ghazouani expressed political support in 2025 for Mamdani and for progressive taxation, under the condition that the additional tax revenues be directed to an independent, government-managed fund dedicated to addressing sensitive public issues. He elaborated on this position in an article titled The Economy of Illusion: How Taxation Becomes an Illusory Solution to State Problems, in which he argued that tax increases should be strategically allocated to structural reforms. He proposed allocating approximately 1% of profits toward solutions that could be developed as sustainable commercial models when feasible. Although Ghazouani has described himself as sympathetic to both Republican and democratic liberal traditions, he has emphasized pragmatic policy outcomes over partisan alignment

Capitalism Ghazouani publicly clarified his position on capitalism following debate sparked by an article published on the “Setaleur News Initiative,” a media platform affiliated with the company he leads. The article, written independently by the company’s journalism department without direct instruction or oversight from Ghazouani, offered a critical examination of contemporary capitalist culture, particularly the idealized portrayal of modern business leaders. Some readers interpreted the piece as evidence that Ghazouani held anti-capitalist views or opposed financial success, prompting him to clarify his stance In subsequent statements, Ghazouani stressed that the article constituted an analytical critique of prevailing cultural narratives rather than a rejection of capitalism itself. He stated that capitalism is not inherently flawed and that the pursuit of wealth can be legitimate and, in some cases, necessary to build influence and realize large-scale projects. However, he argued that problems arise when business figures are portrayed as flawless or ‘’’sanctified”’ symbols obscuring the structural advantages that often contribute to their success Ghazouani noted that many prominent business leaders benefit from less visible advantages such as social networks, educational credentials family support or geographic circumstances which makes replicating their success under identical conditions difficult. According to him, uncritical glorification of such figures can foster what he described as a distorted ambition A recurring theme in Ghazouani’s public commentary is the challenge of balancing popularity with genuine social value. He has argued that in an environment shaped by platform algorithms and viral content, it is relatively easy to offer what attracts attention, but far more difficult to deliver initiatives that produce meaningful societal benefit especially when attempting to combine both objectives within a single mission. He summarized this perspective in a widely cited remark

“It is easy to become wealthy by offering what pleases people. It is far more difficult to combine what pleases people with what truly benefits them”

Research & Publications

Momen Ghazouani has authored and contributed to a diverse range of works across multiple fields

Books His book The Fear of Collapse provides a critical analysis of the relationship between individual psychological drives and contemporary social and economic systems In it, Ghazouani introduces concepts such as the ‘’’escape economy’’’ to critique consumer culture and productivity pressures and explores the effects of conditional achievement on mental health and identity. The book draws on insights from philosophy psychology and social criticism Although it was originally scheduled for release in October 2025, its publication was postponed to allow for the inclusion of deeper analyses, as Ghazouani noted in a post on the platform X

Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Despite holding a temporary position as Chief Scientist at the Setaleur Aplamda Lab until the end of 2027, Ghazouani is recognized as an independent researcher in computer science and a contributor to distributed machine learning systems. He authored a white paper titled Silent Gradient Protocol: A Communication Framework Incorporating Silence for Efficient Training of Distributed Neural Networks. The paper addresses communication bottlenecks in large-scale neural network training, proposing a protocol in which deliberate silence is treated as a valid synchronization signal, significantly reducing bandwidth and energy consumption while maintaining convergence guarantees.

Cybersecurity Ghazouani published a research paper entitled Compositional Security Mediator: Addressing Emerging Threats in AI-Integrated Cybersecurity Systems. The paper presents a conceptual framework for mitigating limitations in traditional cybersecurity models, particularly within AI-dependent ecosystems. It introduces the concept of “compositional threats,” arising from unanticipated interactions between seemingly secure components, and proposes defensive mechanisms, including adaptive hacking loops and false-trust propagation, through a mediating layer between language models and execution environments

Environment and Climate Change As an environmental activist, Ghazouani released a report in late 2024 titled Beyond Textiles: Addressing the Hidden Environmental Footprint of Clothing Labels in the Circular Economy. The report examines the environmental impact of using cardboard as a sustainable packaging alternative, focusing on clothing tags. It critically assesses the sustainability of cardboard, identifies policy gaps within the European Union, and proposes alternative materials derived from recycled wood and plant-based polymers The study emphasizes the cumulative environmental burden of small, short-lived product labels and advocates for a more comprehensive approach to sustainable product labeling within circular economy frameworks

This selection highlights only a portion of Ghazouani’s extensive body of work reflecting his active engagement across intellectual technological social, and environmental domains His ongoing contributions continue to span multiple disciplines, demonstrating a commitment to research, analysis, and practical solutions across a wide array of contemporary issues

Media projects

Momen Ghazouani is active in the cultural and media sphere and has contributed to a number of initiatives aimed at enriching public discourse and promoting knowledge These projects form part of a broader media vision focused on re-examining key domains such as technology, culture, politics, and thought leadership Among these initiatives is The ‘’’Fear of Influence Podcast’’’ an intellectual program that explores the dynamics of fear the influence of leadership, and the transformation of ideas into tangible impact Founded by Ghazouani in early 2025, the podcast reflects his vision of empowering individuals, encouraging them to overcome fear and to build meaningful influence in their personal and social contexts The podcast is derived from Ghazouani’s written intellectual essays, which are adapted into audio format using tools such as NotebookLM. Episodes typically range from 30 to 40 minutes and are characterized by original, concept-driven introductions that align with the podcast’s intellectual orientation By late 2025, The Fear of Impact had reached an international audience, with listeners and contributors from countries including Russia, the United States, Tunisia, and France

Public image

Although Momen Ghazouani ventures operate primarily within specialized technological, scientific, and intellectual domains, he has gradually attracted public attention through his interdisciplinary initiatives and written commentary rather than through mass media visibility. His public profile is largely shaped by a combination of entrepreneurship, research-oriented leadership and ideological critique, positioning him outside conventional models of corporate executives who tend to limit public-facing discourse Ghazouani has been described by observers as an unconventional figure whose approach blends analytical rigor with philosophical framing, particularly in his discussions on technology, capitalism, and governance. Supporters characterize this style as intellectually ambitious and future-oriented, while critics argue that it can appear abstract or ahead of practical implementation. His willingness to engage publicly with sensitive topics such as biometric identity neurotechnology, religion, and political economy has contributed to a mixed reception among different audiences His public writings and projects have occasionally generated debate, especially where emerging technologies intersect with ethical, regulatory, or societal concerns. While Ghazouani has emphasized transparency, personal responsibility, and long-term societal value, some commentators have questioned whether his frameworks prioritize conceptual vision over immediate institutional feasibility Unlike many business leaders who avoid explicit ideological positioning Ghazouani has maintained a visible presence through essays, research publications, and media projects that articulate his views directly. This openness has contributed to a public image that is often described as intellectually independent and resistant to simple categorization, drawing both interest and skepticism depending on the audience’s expectations of leadership, innovation, and influence

Criticism And controversy

This Criticism or Controversy section may affect the neutrality of the article. Editors are encouraged to integrate negative information into other sections or to remove undue emphasis on minor aspects through discussion on the talk page. (December 2025)

Some of Momen Ghazouani’s initiatives particularly those combining technological ambition with broader intellectual vision have drawn criticism regarding feasibility and institutional governance Observers have noted that the large number of projects launched within a relatively short period raises questions about long-term operational sustainability, especially for initiatives that remain in early research or conceptual stages The Leurnita project, launched by Setaleur in 2023 generated limited controversy after some companies expressed concerns about potential access to sensitive internal data during the institutional analysis process. Although Ghazouani denied these claims and stated that data use was subject to user consent and restricted to research purposes the controversy contributed to reduced adoption of the service, which was ultimately discontinued in early 2024

With regard to his projects in emerging fields such as neurotechnology and environmentally oriented genetic engineering, analysts have pointed out that these areas face complex regulatory and ethical challenges, and that their success depends heavily on legal frameworks and long-term funding that have yet to be clearly established. This approach has been interpreted as evidence of Ghazouani’s inclination toward strategic risk-taking viewed by supporters as an innovative trait, while critics regard it as a source of uncertainty On an intellectual level, Ghazouani’s political and economic writings have prompted debate among readers. Some have argued that his analyses combine structural critique with reformist ambition without always offering clearly defined implementation pathways, while others have defended this approach as an effort to foster public debate beyond conventional ideological polarization